Subsurface voids pose significant concerns to geotechnical integrity. Accurately mapping these voids is crucial for ensuring the security of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole examination, can be laborious and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground penetrating radar, o
Geotechnical exploration strategies are crucial for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These structures can significantly influence the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and terrain. A variety of in situ exploration methods are employed to locate cavities and voids. These include test pits, geophysical techniques such
Geophysical exploration employs a crucial role in the identification and evaluation of potential mineral orebodies. By employing various physical methods, geologists can penetrate beneath the Earth's surface to detect subsurface structures and indicators indicative of mineral richness. These geophysical techniques often involve the observation of